Sample M.—Clay soil, with a little dark earth, indicating vegetable remains. This was carefully washed and searched for seeds. Besides small bits of twigs and pieces of wood, fruits or seeds of the following were found Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Stellaria Helostea, Potentilla Tormentilla, Polygonum sp., Rumex Acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Scirpus sylvaticus, Urtica dioica, Chenopodium album, and another species of the last genus which was not identified. The sample yielded a few grains of wheat and one or two grains of what I believe to be barley.
Sample N.—A small cake of vegetable earth with a well-preserved frond of the common bracken. (Pit IX, beneath east wall of Block XIV.)
Sample O.—A clay soil with a dark-coloured earth mixed with it. No vegetable remains of any size. The sample, after careful washing, gave fruits or seeds of the following Geranium sp., Myosotis sp., Polygonum Fagopyrum, Scirpus caespitosus, Scirpus setaceus, Rumex Acetosa, Rumex sp., Carex (several species), and fruits of several grasses.
Sample P.—A clay soil with a fair amount of vegetable earth. Seeds or fruits of the following were obtained after careful washing Ranunculus sp., Lychnis vespertina, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Pedicularis palustris, Potentilla Tormentilla, Rumex sanguineus, Rumex sp., Atriplex sp., Chenopodium sp., Urtica dioica, Urtica urens, Scirpus sylvaticus, and fruits of several species of Carex.
TABLE II
DEFINITE OBJECTS RECEIVED FOR IDENTIFICATION
No. 1. Shaft of hammer from Pit XVI | Rowan (Pyrus Aucuparia). |
2. Shaft of hoe from Pit XIV | Birch (Betula alba). |
3. Shaft of gouge from Pit XVI | Rowan (Pyrus Aucuparia). |
4. Fragment of a spear shaft from Pit XVI | Hazel (Corylus Avellana). |
5. Shaft of an axe from Pit XVI | Hazel (Corylus Avellana). |
6. Shaft of a large hammer from Pit XVI | Hazel (Corylus Avellana). |
7. Handle of a chisel from Pit XVI | Hazel (Corylus Avellana). |
8. Shaft of a dolabra from Pit XVI | Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). |
9. Wood from Pit XVI | Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). |
10. " " | Oak (Quercus Robur). |
11. Lining of a helmet from Pit XXII | Wool mixed with fine clay. |
12. End of a shaft taken from the socket of an arrowhead of iron, from ditch of the early fort | Hazel (Corylus Avellana). |
13. Basket work made of the stems of | Hair moss (Polytrichum commune). |
14. Bast twisted as rope from Pit XXIII | (Not identified). |
TABLE III
SUMMARY OF PLANT REMAINS IDENTIFIED IN THE SAMPLES OF DEPOSITS FROM THE NEWSTEAD ROMAN STATION
Ranunculaceae. | Resedaceae. |
Ranunculus repens—fruits | Reseda lutea ?—seeds. |
bulbosus—fruits. | Caryophylleae. |
sp.—fruits. | Lychnis Githago—seeds. |
Cruciferae. | Vespertina—seeds. |
Sinapis arvensis—seeds. | Stellaria Holostea—seeds. |
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