A drawing of a stout elk-nosed horse in the Combarelles cave (Fig. 54) probably represents the ' horse of Solutré,' which is best known as Equus robustus (Plate XCIV., Fig. 2).

The fourth race includes broad-browed horses, Figure 53
FIG. 53. STONE AGE PONY PLATEAU TYPE
with the face long and tapering and bent downwards on the cranium, as in some of the modern thoroughbreds and in certain Kirghiz breeds. This race, characterised by fine limbs and short-pillared teeth, probably represents Equus sivalensis, the 15-hands horse, whose remains are found in the Siwalik Hills of India.

An engraving from the cave of La Mouthe (Fig. 55) probably gives us the Palaeolith's conception of the ancient 'Siwalik' race.

Newstead has afforded no evidence of the existence in Scotland in olden times of a horse of the 'Steppe' or Przewalsky type, but it has yielded skulls which might very well have belonged to almost pure members of the 'plateau,' 'forest,' and 'Siwalik' types.

Two of the skulls from Newstead probably belonged to unimproved British native breeds, one of which certainly did not exceed 44 inches in height, while the other

Figure 54Figure 55
FIG. 54 STONE AGE HORSE FOREST TYPEFIG.      55. STONE AGE HORSE SIWALIK TYPE (?)

measured between 11 and 12 hands at the withers. The smaller one (Plate XCV., Fig. 1) evidently belonged to a broad-browed 'forest' pony, built on the lines of the strong thick-set modern Shetland ponies; the other is best represented to-day by small slender-limbed Exmoor ponies, and by ponies of the 'Celtic' type (Plate XCIV., Fig. 3) occasionally met with in the North of Iceland.

From Caesar we learn that the small horses yoked to the British war-chariots were so active and well trained that they could be checked and turned in a narrow space or pulled up when at full speed on a steep declivity, or made to stand while the charioteers ran out on the pole and stood on the yoke. From what Caesar says of the horses of South Britain and from the statements of Dio Cassius as to the horses of the Caledonians

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