Professor Haverfield's note was published in 1899. Since then, excavations have taken place at Camelon, Lyne, Inchtuthil, Castlecary, Rough Castle, and Bar Hill. Castlecary and Rough Castle produced no coins, Inchtuthil only a single piece, probably of Domitian, while, except for a denarius of Mark Antony—a variety which is well known to have remained long in circulation—the series from Bar Hill and from Camelon begin with Vespasian and end with Marcus Aurelius. In both, the issues prior to the reign of Pius largely predominate. The agreement with statistics previously available is thus complete.
The same is the case at Newstead. The coins discovered in the course of the excavations numbered 249. These have been most carefully examined by Mr. George Macdonald, who has dealt with them in an appendix to this volume. Mr. Macdonald has been able to identify no fewer than 234—a series much larger than any that has as yet been obtained on an excavated site in Scotland; to these he has added 26 whose discovery is recorded by earlier observers, so that the total is 260. All save 4, which were found in the Baths adhering through corrosion, were picked up singly, scattered over the fort and its annexes. The earliest are 9 Republican denarii and 8 denarii of Mark Antony. Augustus is represented by one denarius and one second brass, and Tiberius by a denarius; Nero by 2 bronze coins and one denarius; Galba by 2 denarii; and Otho and Vitellius each by a denarius. Then come large numbers of Vespasian, 28 bronze and 22 silver coins. Of Titus there are 10 bronze and 2 silver, of Domitian 25 bronze and 12 silver, and of Nerva one bronze and 3 silver. Trajan is represented by 27 bronze and 15 silver. Hadrian with the Empress Sabina is responsible for 29 bronze and 22 silver. With Pius the numbers decrease. To this reign, including the coins of the elder Faustina, belong 13 bronze and 10 silver. Of Marcus Aurelius, and his wife Faustina the younger, there are 5 bronze and 2 silver. The list closes with a single denarius of Crispina, who married Commodus in 178. The series thus exhibits precisely the same features as were noted by Professor Haverfield in earlier lists from Roman sites in Scotland. There is the same preponderance of early issues, the same scarcity of coins of the period following the death of Pius. The coin of Crispina carries us down to Commodus, and so confirms Professor Haverfield's conclusion that in or about the beginning of the reign of that Emperor, the Romans lost their hold of Southern Scotland.
The coins found during the excavation are not, as indicated, the only ones that have been discovered on the site. The Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries
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