with its bone handle, has been found at Wiesbaden.[1] The other knife from the ditch of the early fort has a small blade, 3½ inches long, having a slight upward curve and provided with a tang which is inserted in a bone handle. Another knife (Fig. 5) from Pit XL, with a blade 658 inches long, reminds one of the common form of knife represented with other sacrificial emblems upon altars.

Fig. 12, from Figure 40
FIG. 40 KNIVES FROM
VINDONISSA
Pit LV, though a mere fragment, is of special interest, because it probably represents an early type. Its characteristic feature is the brass mounting at the junction of blade and handle. Through the courtesy of Dr. Fröhlich, two knives of the kind from the Schutthügel at Vindonissa, are shown in Fig. 40. These cannot be of later date than the reign of Trajan; the type is common at Vindonissa, with handles sometimes of bone and sometimes of metal. In one of them we have a specimen of the bone handle, while in the other the handle of bronze corresponds in pattern to the incomplete examples from Newstead (Figs. 9 and 10). The same style of handle is to be seen at Novaesium.[2] Fig. 7 came from Pit LIV. It is short, the blade having a length of only 3¼ inches, and it belongs to a type which is probably British. A similar knife, still with its bone handle, from the Dowkerbottom cave, and two others from caves near Settle are to be seen in the British Museum. Mr. Reginald Smith has recently described one of these knives found in the Harborough Cave near Brassington, and he cites their occurrence on such British sites as Hod Hill, Dorset, and Glastonbury.[3] Fig. 4, a worn blade with its bone handle, was found in the great ditch of the later fort; the other examples in Plate LX.,—Figs. 8, 13 and 14,—are from surface finds.

The axe is twice represented. A beautiful specimen (Plate LXI., Fig. 4) from Pit XVI measures 40 inches in its extreme length. Its blade is curved at one end, and has a flat rectangular face at the other. The edge measures 4¼ inches, and there is a slip eye with side clips. The weight is

1 See Ritterling, Das Kastell Wiesbaden, p. 101, where references to finds are given.

2 Bonner Jahrbücher, Heft 111–112, Taf xxxiii. B, Fig. 36.

3 Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society's Journal, 1909, p. 23.

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