an earlier pattern which has been displaced by a newer design, an evolutionary movement analogous to that which took place in the case of many northern fibulae. Two small beaker urns which are here illustrated (Fig. 30, Nos. 1 and 2) come from Trier, and date from the end of the first century. Both are of hard grey ware with decoration in barbotine. One has simply a wreath of pointed leaves. In the other, animal forms are beginning to show themselves among the foliage.
Many of the German examples of the so-called 'Castor ware' show a harder and more vitreous surface than appears on any found at Newstead. But in Germany it has been noted that the use of a softer material in which the dark-coloured surface wears off; leaving the white clay behind, indicates a decadence in the manufacture which belongs to the second century. The colouring matter has been applied without being sufficiently diluted, and therefore it has not sunk into the clay.
Plate L. (A), Fig. 9. Beaker. This small vessel of grey ware stands 4½ inches high. The outer surface is smooth, showing horizontal lines made by the potter's fingers as it was turned on the wheel. Large ditch, west front, near drain outlet.
Type 40
Plate XLVIII., Type 40, Plate L. (A), Fig. 12. 
FIG. 31 BEAKER WITH HANDLEVery small beaker of white ware covered with a black engobe resembling Castor ware. Height 2½ inches, diameter at mouth 17⁄8 inches. From cellar on south side of Block XIII. This would appear to be a relic of the last occupation, and should therefore probably be put down as belonging to the second half of the second century. These small vessels may be noted at Namur, where they date from the second century. Specimens have been found in the cemeteries of Bossières, St. Gerard, and Waucennes near Beauraing.
Beaker urn with a single handle. This type was only noted twice. One fragment (Fig. 31) came from the surface, while several pieces of a second vessel were found in Pit CV, which contained a number of late fragments, one bearing the stamp BEUNICI·M.; both beakers were made of a dark grey ware, with a single handle attached to the side. A similar vessel, the height of which is about six inches, is to be seen in the museum at Carlisle.
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